What Are HTS Codes?
The Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) is the classification system used by U.S. Customs to determine import duty rates. Every product entering the United States must be assigned an HTS code - getting it right is critical for accurate cost calculations and legal compliance.
HTS Code Structure
HTS codes are 10-digit numbers that progressively narrow down product classification:
- Chapters (2 digits): Broad product categories (e.g., Chapter 84 = Machinery)
- Headings (4 digits): More specific product groups
- Subheadings (6 digits): Internationally harmonized level
- U.S. suffixes (8-10 digits): U.S.-specific rate and statistical codes
How to Find Your HTS Code
- Start with the USITC database - The official source at hts.usitc.gov
- Use the General Rules of Interpretation (GRI) - These rules determine how to classify products
- Consider the primary function - Products are classified by their principal use
- Check for specific provisions - Some products have dedicated HTS codes
- Review binding rulings - CBP rulings provide precedent for similar products
Common Classification Mistakes
- Using supplier-provided codes - These may be incorrect or outdated
- Ignoring GRI rules - Classification has strict rules that must be followed
- Overlooking composite products - Multi-material items need careful analysis
- Missing updates - HTS codes change; verify annually
- Country-specific variations - EU CN codes differ from U.S. HTS codes
Resources for HTS Lookup
When to Get Professional Help
Consider working with a licensed customs broker or trade consultant when:
- Your product doesn't fit clearly into one category
- You're importing high-value goods where small rate differences matter
- You've received a CBP notice of rate adjustment
- Your product is new to market with no precedent rulings
- You're facing Section 301 or other special tariff determinations
Include Classification in Your Landed Cost
Accurate HTS classification is essential for calculating your true landed cost. Our Landed Cost Snapshot includes professional classification review to ensure your cost projections are accurate.